Umdan issili t sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez irem nnes, ukan immel as abrid n wassid nna iran ad t igan d umdan nna ittiri sidi Rebbi. Maka, afad ad as isseferu awal yuzen d imazenn nnes, seg sidna Nuh, tazvallit n Rebbi fellas, ar sidna Muhemmad, tamuli d tizult n Rebbi γifs; akw abrid ddegh n wassid iga t Lislam: " tawasena d tadammut mas sidi Rebbi yan ayga ur dares amedraw, d ussumed nnes mekinna ira d mekinna ad gh inna". Abrid ddegh igan win lislam, ismun sidi Rebbi akw iwaliwen nnes g udlis n leqwran nna d yugzen s wawal n teorabet, maka maci ghas i yoraben walayenni akw i midden dinna akw g llan g ufella n wakal. Maka ad gan imuneselmen, tedvfaren abrid n lislam; maka afad ad isann midden awal n lislam, wwuren zik imusnawen n lislam nna igan akw seg ayduden illan g ufella n wacal maka ad swassen lislam i midden nnesen; ayand af tella tewuri n ussefru n lislam s walsiwen n akw midden nna issili sidi Rebbi g ufella n wacal, acku, maka ad tgat amunselem, ur k ixessva ad tgat aorab, negh k ixessva ad tisanet taorabbet. Walayenni ghas ad tisanet lislam s wawal nnek, tisanet maf ittuska ujjed n lislam; ayand af deghi imusnawen imazighen ar ttewuren, maka ad swassen lislam i ymazighen s wawal nnesen, s iles nnesen; tawuri n ussefru ran ad digs wwuren imusnawen maka ad ittewassen lislam ghur imazighen mekda ittwassen dar ayduden imunselmen yadvnin nna ur igin aoraben. Midden ddegh gan ghas imunselmen maci aoraben: amm iturkiyen, imazighen, lakrad, fransis, ccican, ifarisiyen, ipindiyen, …d wiyyadv d wiyyadv. Ad tgat amunselem ur igi lemeona nnes pat tgit aorab, walayenni ghas amunselem nna igan seg uydud nnes amaziγ, aturki, akurdi, aorab, apindi….. acku mecta n waoraben llan g tmizar nnesen mad timizar yadvnin maka ur gin imunselmen. Ayenna af ixessva ad nsengara inger lislam d waoraben; lislam iga ajjed n sidi Rebbi nna ira aysan kaygat yan, acku iga ajjed n tidewin nna issili sidi Rebbi; ayand af imusnawen imazighen ifukk ad ssefrun lislam s tmaziγet .

I – Leqwran – le Coran معنى كلمة "القرآن"

Igat awal n Rebbi d yagguzen f umazen nnes: Muاemmad, tizult d tmuli n Rebbi fellas; awal g ur llin ikerkas, isexwdad ula tiاellal; adlis n Rebbi g illa udlagh, tutra d tighri s ubrid n Rebbi, abrid n wassidd maci abrid n tillas; abrid nna isekan, yulin f tafiret, tawalt n: “ur illi kra n Rebbi ghas Rebbi (Allah)”, adlis g illa uzerf nna ittedsen, ibennun tizdayyin inger midden g tudert nnesen f wawal n tatvfi, tazvudi, tizedgi, d tamunet; adlis isawalen f mayd igan sidi Rebbi, mayd igan lmeona n tudert, max allig issili midden… adlis isawalen f ineghemisen n midden imezewura, f imazann nnesen, f wawal n uzerf da sen nnan.

Leqwran ayd igan awal g llan isafaren n ulawen, isufar n iyman nna issiriden, ar zizdigen ulawen n midden seg tkaferit, takendawt d gar abrid. Leqwran isuggez t id sidi Rebbi, imeqqur irem nnes, maka ad iga i winna iran, agharas n w-assidd nna ira ad tvfaren midden. Sidi Rebbi imeqqur irem nnes, issili igenwan d ikalen, iga digsen akw mayd ira: "aniren, midden, actal, isekwla, akal, izran, aman, ijdvadv, advu, axxuy, d akw mag llan iyman ar itteddu g ufella n wacal, nnig wacal, ddaw wacal…; sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez isem nnes, issen mayd agh irwan, issen mayd agh ighudan, ayenna af d izuggez leqwran ad iga assidd s ghurs, s dars, acku nettan ayd igan tidet.

II – " Ssleghsegh s Rebbi, issefliden, issen, seg urzu amakus "

ما معنى أعوذ بالله السميع العليم من الشيطان الرجيم

Igat: ar nettetter sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez isem nnes, nettan da yessenn ma yezwaren ula mad igggwran g tidet akw n ddunit d tmeggarut, nettan d ad issenn agensu (jaj) akw n mayd issili, d mayd ira akw seg tewuri add nnes, nettan issefliden, ittsellan, ar t nettetter ad aγ ihdvu seg uzvudv, tixxut n urzu ( iblis ), ar nettamez s Rebbi maka ad agh iga agewwad s ubrid nnes, ihdvu –wagh g tudert nnegh d usged nnegh (ddin) seg ibesbisen, aghlughel, amenus, d twengimet n urzu (cciţan) acku ur imil ad agh ifukku didas ghas sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez isem nnes; ghas nettan iwadvu nnes ayghin ad ghifnegh yamez iblis ad ur agh issufegh abrid n wassidd, abrid n tidet, abrid n uzerf; ghas nettan ayd ighin ad agh immel misemi (mamka) neghi ad nehdvu ixfawen nnegh seg gar tiwengam n cciţan, maka ad neskar tawuri dad izvilen, nekk tayennit I gar abrid; ayenna af nera ad sers nisan, namen sers mas iga Rebbi nnegh d Rebbi n akw mayd illan g igenwan d ikalen; nettan ayd igan Rebbi issefliden ar isaqqul, ineqqan ar issidir, yakkan ar ittekkes…nettan ayd igan Allap, Rebbi n tidet igan yan ur dar amedraw, imiddez (acrik) g tgeldit nnes.

III – " S isem n Rebbi amellay amenapagh ما معنى" باسم الله الرحمـان الرحيم" Mayd tt igan ?

Igat: nezzewar s irem n Rebbi g akw mad nera ad nesker, ur nezzewar s isem n awd yan, igit agwerram negh mkann iwgerram; akw g tudert nnegh: dar tmeccut, dar tarda, dar unuddem, dar tkerza, dar tmegra, dar urwa, dar tzvallit, dar ughras, dar tmesewit….. abda dad nezzewara isem n Rebbi, ar t nettetter ad idnegh iga afus nnes akw g tewuri izvilen nna nera ad neskar; acku ghas nettan ayd igan amellay amnapagh (rrahman rrahim) nna ghur/dar tamella (rrehemt), igan amesmullu f taghennawt is; tamella n sidi Rebbi imeqqur irem nnes, akw teghwma igenwan d ikalen, ayand af nera ad neketti abda isem n sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez irem nnes, akw g tudert nnegh d twengimin nnegh acku ghas netta ad iγin agh ihdvu seg urzu isvudvun g ulawen n midden ghas gar agharas, gar abrid.

Allap ayd igan isem izeddigen n sidi Rebbi ameqwran igan yan; Allap iga yat tadusi d ikkan akw nnig igenwan, ikalen d ma gisen; yat tadusi issilin igenwan, ikalen d ma gisen, ighin i ma tenna, ar teskar ayenna tera g tgeldit nnes; Allap, imeqqur iburez irem nnes, waxxa ur da t nsaqqul illa, ibadv g tgeldit nnes, ar ineqqa, ar issidir, ar yakka ar ittekkes, ar isseflid, ar isaqqul; akw taγennawt is ar tteggayet (tefka tugga) mas sidi Rebbi illa, iqqaned ad sers namen, netter tamella nnes, netvfar abrid nnes.

Allap, imeqqur iburez irem nnes, issili ddunit, iga gis kit u kit n midden, ibdva ten f mennaw n igduden, ku agdud s tmaziret nnes, s ils nnes, s wawal nnes, s udem nnes, maka akw ar sgisen ittetter assumed nnes, acku ur in iskir ghas ad t ssumden, ur sgisen iri awd yat ghas assumed; ira ten ad gan imunselmen mkann iga uzghwer nnesen, d wawal isen; ira ten ad t ssumden d nutni gan imunselmen swa imazighen swa ipindiyen, swa ikurdiyen…. Ira ten ad gan imunselmen ittemwassanen gratesen, ar ttmwassanen d akw ayduden illan g ddunit.

IV – Assefru n ssurt n usaduf / arezzum تفسير سورة الفاتحة

Ssuret ddegh n urezzvum teggwezed g mekka f sidna Muhemmad, amazan n Rebbi, tamuli d tizult n Rebbi ghifs, ukan tega yat ssuret mi yexater w-addur akw g udlis n Rebbi «Leqwran», acku nettat ayd igan tirselt daf tbedda akw tazvallit, taddex ur tezri ig ur digs ttwaγra ssuret n urezzvum.

Ssuret ad aygan imam nnes n leqwran, tga assidd nna dd iggwzen f sidna Muhemmad, ulac f imazanen nna tizwaren, izuggez ttid anir n Rebbi sidna Jebril, tizult n Rebbi fellas, ukan ittekfa yas i sidna Muhemmad tugga ad ghifs teggwez akw tullught nna illan g ssuret n urezzum d mas teggwra ssuret n tfunast, netta d akw imunselmen nna itvfuren abrid nnes nna igan abrid n Rebbi.

Ssuret n urezzum ad s irzem sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez irem nnes, adlis n leqwran acku gis akw ayenna f ittuska ujjed n lislam, llan digs akw allasen d isughad, tadriwin d talghiwin n ujjed, gis iwaliwen n tafelset, assumed, d uzerf; gis tadammut s wass ameggaru, tadammut s mas sidi Rebbi nettan ayd igan Allap igan yan nna ran midden ad ssumden ghas netta, ukan ttern as tanara s ujjed n uzerf d ubrid imgaddan, abrid n midden izvilen, maci abrid n winna itvfuren gar abrid, d wida f irfa Rebbi, winna ur iri acku ffeghwen abrid nnes tvfaren abrid n urzu; ayand af midden ittinin gan imunselmen ran ad digsen tili tayri n Rebbi, tawda seg sidi Rebbi; ukan ar tteddunet akw tewriwin nnesen f uyenna f ibedda w-awal n Rebbi nna igan tadammut s Rebbi, «Allap» mas iga yan ur illi ghas netta, d nettan aynezgen (mériter) assumed, tadammut s aniren n Rebbi, s idlisen nnes, s imazann nnes, s wass ameggaru, d s mad yura sidi Rebbi, izvil mad ixxa; tayri n sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez irem nnes tera ad ttwazera g tudert n umnselem, g ul nnes d tewuri nnes: tazvallit, uzvum, tighersi, tikki, tayri n midden.

“Tamayt i Allap Rebbi n tidewin ” الحمد لله رب العالمين

Taguri ddegh iga lmeona nnes tanemmiret i sidi Rebbi, tamayet i Allap nna igan bab akw n tidewin: tidewit n midden, tidewit n wactal, tidewit n w-aman, tidewit n ikalen, tidewit n igenwan, tidewit n igdvadv, tidewit n itran, tidewit n waxxuy…

Tamayet i sidi Rebbi, tgatt tanemmiret i sidi Rebbi f akw ayenna ad gh isker izvilen, f indazen nna fellagh d izuggez, winna iffern (igwran) d wida d yuggan, tamayet mec ad t nettini tega tayri n Rebbi, asemghur n isem nnes; tamayet i Rebbi tega tawasena n tullughet n Rebbi f midden, nettan aygan Rebbi n igenwan d ikalen, Rebbi n midden, imdunen d akw ayenna illan g igenwan d ikalen, tamayet akw ar tt ttini taghennawet nna iselmen, nna issekwnan ixf nnes dat udem n sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez irem nnes.

“Amellay amnapagh الرحمان الرحيم Taguri ad diges senat temulay n sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez irem nnes; timulay nna d yusan seg isem n tmella , taddex teghwma akw ayenna issili sidi Rebbi g igenwan d ikalen; tanuft, n sidi Rebbi tdel akw taghennawt nna illan g igenwan d ikalen; sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez irem nnes , iga bab n tmella, bab n usaruf, bab n urig, bab n usala nna ideln akw midden d imdunen, actal, ijdvadv, ixxuyen… tamella nnes ur dares iwetta, acku sidi Rebbi ka yessenn ma yetteqqeln s midden g tmeggarut, ayand af akw tamella nnes iflat i wass ameggaru, ukan izuggez d sgis kra g ddunit maka attemsmellan akw mag llan iyman g uflla n w-acal .

“Agellid n wass ameggaru” مالك يوم الدين Ass ameggaru igat wass nna g ira sidi Rebbi ad gis ismun akw midden seg sidna Adam, tizult n Rebbi ghifs, ar ameggaru n midden g iufella n wacal, ass g add tteffwghen midden seg isemdval nnesen maka ad mfaran dar Rebbi, yamezv ku yan digsen asidv nnes (lehsab), izvar madd yiwi n tuwri irwan d tanna ur irwin; ass ameggaru igat wass dag ttemsaradven midden g dar Rebbi, ass dag ku yan ar isaqqul mani gher ira ayeddu: urti mad takat/afa; ass ddegh ameggaru, yan ugellid ad digs illan, ur digs mennaw n igeldan, yuwen ad digs illan nna iga sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez irem nnes; nettan ayd igan bab n tgeldit, ibadv , akw tanbadvet g ufus nnes, akw midden kwnan dat as/mnid as, awd yidj ur ighi ad isawel ula yenna awd yat maka ghas ard as yini sidi Rebbi siwel; ass ameggaru igat wass dag xlas ifeddva / ismar wawal, feddvanet tewriwin, ur isul ghas uzerf n Rebbi.

“ Kiy ad nessumed, kiy ad netter ” اياك نعبد و اياك نستعين

Taguri add gis snat tلاawsiwin nna izdin umdan d wanna t issilin: “assumed d tutra” (oibada wa istioana); assumed da yettwaskar ghas i sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez irem nnes, ulac i ka yadven, max? Acku nettan ad gh issilin g ddunit, ica yagh tudert, ica yagh tiram, isemla yagh abrid n wassidd nna iran ad gh yawi s urti nnes, ayenna af nera ad t nessumed, acku sidi Rebbi ur ad gh issili d ur sgigh ixsa/iri awd yat ghas ad t nessumed netvfar abrid nnes maka ad gh ic/ikef g tmeggarut asala (lxir) iotan imeqquren.

Taghawsa yadvnin tgatt “tutra” nna yeskar umdan i sidi Rebbi, max? Acku umdan issili t sidi Rebbi, d netta iga yan umdan amerjun (dvaoif ), ur ighin i yat akw g tudert ad g illa; issili t ghas seg waman ijjvan, iga diges iyman, ica yas izvri, assefled, awal, afus, advar, ixf, anegri (loaqel), ul , tasa…. ur ifli ma ur as ikfi maka waxxa mkand, umdan iga anerkum, amelkuk, analmadv, amerjun, yan umdan ur ighin i yat ig ur ittir awwas, aggaz (loawn) seg sidi Rebbi, igan bab n igenwan d ikalen; umdan g mnid n tamest (la nature) d ma gis n imziten ( dangers) ur ighi i yat, ayand af ira umdan abda ad yetter awwas n sidi Rebbi.

“sikk agh abrid imgaddan ” اهدنا الصراط المستقيم

Taguri ddex, diges yuwet tutra nna yessekar umdan i sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez irem nnes, tutra yad tgatt tanara s ubrid imgaddan, abrid n ujjed, n uzerf, nna igan abrid n wassidd nna ixsa sidi Rebbi; abrid add igat win lislam nna igan tawasna n Rebbi mas nettan ayd igan Allap igan yan ur ghur imiddez; tanara (pidaya) ddex ar t ittetter umdan g tudert nnes, g ddunit maka ad isan mayd immuggan (haram) d mayd immezrin (halal), isan awd mamka ira ad issumed sidi Rebbi; tazvallit, uzvum, tighersi, tikki, tanbadvt, amlac (litihal), uluf, tugga, amerwas, tazvit, amsasa…. d akw ayenna ismunun, ar isengara midden d Rebbi, midden gratsen, midden d akw ayenna issili sidi Rebbi g igenwan d ikalen.

“ Abrid n winna f tendezt ” صراط الذين أنعمت عليهم

Taguri ddex art seghrud taguri nna izrin, max? Acku umdan amunslem nna ittettern sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez irem nnes, ad t isikk abrid imgaddan, ar ittetter awd ad ig ubrid ddex abrid n midden xef imdez sidi Rebbi, midden nna ira, acku gan midden imunselmen izeddigen nna itvfuren abrid n Rebbi; widd ganin imazanen n Rebbi; imaglayen (ssiddiqin), inagan (ccuhapaa) d igwerramen…. akw midden ddegh gan ayt Rebbi nna ittiri sidid Rebbi acku dat ttirin, tvfuren abrid nnes.

Maka nekwni deghi dad nettetter ad gh iga Rebbi seg ayt Rebbi; akw g tizvalliwin nnegh dad n ttetter sidi Rebbi ad gh isniri (ihpu) acku ulawen nnegh ur zeddigen mlih, mecta n tikkal g wass da nettini i sidi Rebbi “cik (kiy) ad nessumed, cik ad nettetter, sikk agh abrid imgaddan….”, maka (mais) ulawen nnegh iwi ten iblis ghas s tewwurga n ddunit; maka ad agh isniri sidi Rebbi ig agh seg ayt Rebbi.

“ maci winna xef terfit d winna yuckan ” غير المغضوب عليهم ولا الضالين

Taguri ddex, nettat ayseghruden akw tigurin nna yezrin, max? Acku nettat ayd igan iswi (but) n umdan amunselem iran ad t isniri sidi Rebbi isikk t abrid issiddan, yawi t g wass ameggaru s urti nnes maci s takat/afa; ayand af iswi n umdan amunselem igat ad ur iga seg midden nna iffeghwen abrid, midden nna itvfuren gar abrid, midden issumuden kra bla Rebbi (Allap), ar ssumuden swa imugayen, swa tafuket/tafucet/ iţij, swa takat, swa ixfawen nnesen…. umdan amunslem da yettetter sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez irem nnes, afada atiga seg midden nna f issunef, winna xef ggwzen indazen (nnioam) n sidi Rebbi, maci midden xef irfa, d midden mi yucka ubrid ur ssiddan awd hah.

Ayeddex ayd igan kra seg iwaliwen nna iga sidi Rebbi, imeqqur iburez irem nnes, g ssurt n usaduf/arezzum; netter sidi Rebbi ad sers issenfeo akw midden imazighen maka ad isanen agensu/jaj n ujjed n lislam, isanen awd lmeona n wawal dad ttinin.

Amin, nna igan lmeona nnes: apa ya sidi Rebbi, issefliden ar ittsella, issen ar isaqul, sker s uyda ak nenna gayagh g ddaw umalu nnek, mmelagh abrid nnec, tessilit agh akw tighawsiwin nnegh.

«Ssleghsegh s Rebbi, issefliden issen, seg urzu amakus, s isem n Rebbi amellay amenapagh:

“Tamayt i Allap Rebbi n tidwin, amellay amnapagh, agellid n wass ameggaru, kiy ad nessumed, kiy ad netter, sikk agh abrid imgaddan, Abrid n winna f tendezt, maci winna xef terfit d winna yuckan”

أعوذ بالله السميع العليم من الشيطان الرجيم ، باسم الله الرحمان الرحيم

" الحمد لله رب العالمين ، الرحمان الرحيم،مالك يوم الدين ،اياك نعبد و اياك نستعين،اهدنا الصراط المستقيم،صراط الذين أنعمت عليهم،غير المغضوب عليهم ولا الضالين آمـــيــــن"

Muha idar

Association ANARUZ N DEMNAT. Août / Septembre 2003,vDemnat, haut atlas, Maroc

AMAWAL / LEXIQUE :

1 – Tizera: contribution

2 - Assefru: interpréter

3 – Asaduf: introduction

4 – Iburez: bénir

5 - Irem : nom

6 - Imazenn: prophètes

7 - Tizult : le salut

8 - Tamuli : tazallit – prière

9 - Tadammut: foi

10 - Amedraw : associé

11 – Assumed: le culte

12 - Adlis: livre

13 - Iwwuer : travailler

14 - Imusnawen : savants

15 - Aydud : agdud – peuple

16 - Ittuska : fonder

17 - Ajjed : religion

18 - Tidewin : les univers

19 - Ifukk : il faut

20 -Tiħellal : isexwdad, ikerkas - les mensonges

21 - Adlagh : tutra : tighri – appel

22 - Tafirt : mot

23 - Azerf : loi / droit

24 - Ittedsen : construire

25 - Tizdayin : relations

26 - Ineγwmisen : informations

27 - Takendawt : hypocrisie

28 - Anir : ange

29 - Actal : animal

30 - Isekwla : arbres

31 - Axxuy : insecte

32 - Iyman : l’âme

33 - Iγuda : irwa – être bon

34 - Tidet : la vérité

35 - Isselγes : demander protection

36 - Arzu : le Satan

37 - Amakus : le maudit

38 - Agensu : jaj – intérieur

39 - Uzvudv : tixxut – tractations

40 -Aseged : religion

41 - Ibesbisen : aghlughel : amessus : tawengimt : tractions

42 - Tawuri izvilen : le bon travail

43 - Amedraw : imiddez : associé

44 - Tageldit : la royauté/le royaume

45 - Amellay : le clément

46 -Amnahaγ : le miséricordieux

47 - Agwerram : le marabout

48 - Tamella : la clémence

49 - Taγennawt : les créatures

50 - Tadusi : force

51 - Iggay : témoigner

52 - Iqqaned : il faut

53 - kit-u-kit : beaucoup

54 - Addur : la valeur

55 - Tirselt : le fondement

56 - Ulac : et non pas

57 - tugga : le serment

58 - Tulluγt : les biens

59 - Attasen : isuγad : l’esprit du texte

60 - Tadriwin : les fondements

61- Talghiwin : les branches

62 - Taflest : la confession

63 - Tanara : le droit chemin

64 - Arfu : mécontentement

65 - Inzeg : mériter

66 - Tamayt : la bénédiction

67 - Taguri : verset

68 - Tanemmirt : merci

69- Indazen : les bienfaits

70- Tiwaltin : indazen

71- semghur : sacralisation

72 - Imdunen : les diables

73 - Timulay : caractères

74 - Tanuft : les faveurs

75 - Asaruf : la pitié : la grâce

76 - Urig : asaruf

77 - Asala : le ben

78 - Timiray : les frontières

79 - Isemdval : les tombes

80 - Asidv : récompense

81 - Yedej : yan : yewen

82 - Xesaγ : riγ - ixesa : ira

83 - Amerjun : faible

84 - Anegri : esprit

85 - Anerkum : amelkuk :analmađ : amerjun

86 - Awwas : aggaz : aide

87 - Tamest : la nature

88 - Imziten : dangers

89 - Awwaz : aggaz : awwas : aide

90 - Imuggan : illicites

91 - Immezrin : le licite

92 - Amelac : mariage

93 -Uluf : divorce

94 - Tugga : témoignage

95 - Amerwas : la dette

96 - Tazvit : conflit

97 - Amsasa : conciliation

98 - Ar iseγrud : compléter

99 - Imeglayen : les véridiques

100-Inagan : les martyres

101 -Agwerram : le marabout

102 - Iswi : le but

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

* محمد شفيق : " المعجم العربي الأمازيغي " الأجزاء III ,II , I أكاديمية المملكة المغربية ،سلسلة معاجم

* عبد الحكيم بن عبد الله القاسم : سورة الفاتحة، الطبعة الأولى 2002 ، سلسلة المنتدى الاسلامي، مطبعة البيان .

*محمد علي الصابوني : صفوة التفاسير ، المجلد الأول ، دار الصابوني للطباعة و النشر . الطبعة التاسعة .

BIBLIOGRAPHIE

* محمد شفيق : " المعجم العربي الأمازيغي " الأجزاء III ,II , I أكاديمية المملكة المغربية ،سلسلة معاجم

* عبد الحكيم بن عبد الله القاسم : سورة الفاتحة ، الطبعة الأولى 2002 ، سلسلة المنتدى الاسلامي ، مطبعة البيان .

· محمد علي الصابوني : صفوة التفاسير ، المجلد الأول ، دار الصابوني للطباعة و النشر . الطبعة التاسعة .

les caractères spéciaux :

ţŢ/ Ŗŗ/ Żż/ şŞ/ đĐ/ ħĦ :emphatiques

γΓ :gh / εΣ :ain