Tawiza

Marra mayen imsaren i yrifiyen ur itenfarar, u oad ad iqqim amenni, d tanfust n wydud a amezvyan temsar as am uzvru n Sizif, zi ssa ur tikkwidv ghar tqiccet n wedrar huma ad izyenfa yxsan nnes, xenni id as ghar tudva tazvrut nni huma ad tsigha tasekna nes oemmars ad tsala, amyey a agriki yarwes attvas di tsekna n waydud a amezyan, zi ssa ur itkemmir ca n umenghi huma ad yehdva tirelli nnes d uzarug nnes ar ghad yadef di tenneghni… Awarni umi teswiza Svbanya d Rmxzen d Fransa yedjan d Imasayen n Tiddet xf usxdem n Arpaj di Arrif d mayen d yejja d igumadv xf tadusi n utarras Arifi d tawwndvt s umata, tejja attvas n repracat deg wydud arifi s unegmedv mayen itwassnen ghar irifiyen s “uxenzir”, itmsbdvan amec qqaren imarzzuten deg yeyyar a, u mamec id nidar cway di mayen yodvan, s uya jar 1928 d 1935, idja irifiyen sgenffan yezzimen nsen deg umenghi nsen ak tidwas timberyalin, u mammec oad temseddaran ak waddad amaynu n uhwes n Svbanya i tugha mammec oad isrursa ixf nnes di Arrif, u ytxes ad yeqqim addad s nbnghar i wghewwegh nigh d ca n tagrawla nneghni, ammu attvas n imgharen n tqebbar tirifyyin ad ten sghen, nigh yenni war itmenzin ad ten beddren huma amec nnigh ad jjen addad s nbghar i wghwegh.

Zi ssa Irifiyen war zyinfin ixsan nsen deg umenghni nsen iten ismunen ak Svbanya ad affen ixfawen nsen udfen deg ijjen n umenghi nneghni, maca di twarat a war yedji ra xf tmurt nsen, ura qao xf ixf nsen, ad adfen di ca imxumbar n ict tmurt nneghni tiggwej xafsen di kucci, amya inni innumen ad zenzzen ( xsgh ad inigh da Iwatvaniyen d imuriskiyen izzenzen irifiyen deg wattvas n tlemmizvin ), uca zenzzen idvammen n irifiyen di arrxa, inni nnumen ad ggen kucci uca ad xafsen goden inneghni amenni itemsar oawed.

Di twala n 7 issgusa jar 1928 d 1935, ad txdvem Svbanya bac ad tssares dsas nnes di Arrif, tegga rquyyad d imayna deg umcan n inni ira ideffaren i Mulay muhned u inneghni izaykuten yeqqimen twassghen… teqqar tamarzzut Marria Rusa di Madaryaga belli rquyyad a yiraren ict temlilt d tameqqrant deg ussbules n imezdagh maci ghir ubarreh d uraghi deg igadazen maca xf ubrid n ca n tebridin nneghni takkwadven tt ar tinighi n yenni marra itagin huma ad bbulsen deg igeni Asbanyu u ar tzawa ireqfen tamcrazt jar assgwas n 1935 d 1934 u ujar Tanya di tawala tamezwart n umenghi di 1937 yarenin ijjen zrredv xf wenneghni huma ad bbulsen iwdan d midden deg igeni Asbaniu, arni ghar manaya ntaff imgharen n tqebbar itsgha Svbanya fssaren deg wammas n waydud arifi belli Franku yuss d huma ad imnegh ak Icuyuoien inni ur itghiren s tirawt n wakuc ⁽¹⁾
Maca amec Twarigh nec u amec ttwaran attvasv imarezzuten belli zzredv d tebridin ni ideffaren imgharen n tqebbar nitentti yejjin tt attvasv n irifiyen huma ad bbulsen deg igeni asbaniu… Ak manaya ur xsegh ca ad adjghegh deg imentilen yejjin huma ad yessnta umenghi ya agarim ( guerre civile) maca war day s walu mara nidared cway n imentilen yejjin amenghi ya ad yekkar, mamec ntaf zeg ami yudva ajedjidv Asbanui Alfunsu wis 18, d ufsar n taydvudva tasbanyut tis snat, xenni ad itwag ijjen ufran ( election) ad day s igooedv akabar anemlay (socialiste) iwriwien maca aodvar ni ixes d yegg i ghar war yiwwidv ad isnkkar attas n tismkanin (tasmkant, manifestation), min ghad yejjen tanbdvt a ( gouvernemet) ad tudva deg ussgwas n 1933, ad itwaoawedv i yjjen n ufran ( election) nneghni ad days arnin ifusien ghar yeggen ict tenbadvt nneghni, ghar umeggar ad tegg min tsenta tanbadvt n izermadven tamezwart min ur itxes waydud, dvanitati ad yekkar ukabar azermadv aydudan akatalan ad ifsar azarug n Tammurt n Katvalunia, u di Asturias ( Asturias d ict tamndvt di Svbanya ) tugha tettaren ismkanen ict twanekt ( etat) day s Tadiktaturit n Ibrulitarien d tademsa d tacyuoit, d ict teyrawt ad tenbedv xf tammurt tasbanyutt, mamec mezzghen iserdasen xf uzedjif nsen Franku xf ict Tawnekt d tatulitarect, inneghni dja tettaren huma ad idvwer ajedjid asbanyu ghar unbadv, ammu ad yekkar amenghi agarim asbanyu… Nidared ddeg a ghir huma ad nssares ameghray deg wur n imentilen yejjin amenghi ya ad ir,i huma ad ngezu ( ad nfpem) maymmi irifiyen ruhen ak Franku, mayenzi amec nessen marra belli Franku icacen deg imenghan mgal i taydvudva tarrifect, tugha att di Arrif ameqqran ameggaru ya isiwzan ak ca iserdasen inamuren ( les soldats nationalists) a mux id asen traghan mgal iyudvudven isbunya, amadval xenni idja yedja ak Franku mayenzi amdaval ur ixes ca ad izarr izermadven nebbdven di Eurubba ughedjuy, ammu ilimanien d Itvalien ad swizan ak franku, ad as ucen teylalin ghar ismuttien igeni ( armée) zi Arrif ghar Svbanya di sayur assgwas n 1936, itwahsaben tasekkirt tamezwart ( premier operation ) deg umezruy ismttuyen igeny xf ubrid n teylalin, xf manaya yussd ubbules n Irifiyen huma ad bedden s bezzez ak Franku, u ad adfen deg umenghi ya wanita, neccin deg yeyyar a war d anegh yecqi man tt tiwula ixf yeodva umenghi ya, maca mayen d anegh yecqan dvanita netta d acrac n irifiyen deg umenghi d taydji arifi s umata, Mayenzi neccin asentel n tghuri ya (le sujet de cette etude) ntegg it xf Arrif yedjan d ansa d iwdvan nnes. Ad noqeb ghar Tmsract n ubbules n Irifiyen, dvanita amec nezra di min yeodvan ntaff belli rebda ijjed unsib (le religion oficielle ) zi tessawar zzawect, u neccin nessen mlih tamlilt ni itirar huma ad qdvan xf usenfar asertan ( le projet politique )n Mulay Muhned, u Danita tefsar zzawect taderqawect attvasv ixarriqen am belli Franku isrem, zrintt iwdvan di mekka u yxes ad islekk Svbanya zi tqebbidvt n irumien d Imarksien u yxes ad tyarr ( zeoma Svbanya ) d tameslmet ⁽²⁾
Tanya Danita nxes ad nessen mani yedja amssu anamur ni isnakkaren Tiharyadvin xf uxarriq ameqran “ddapir lbarbari”, min yegga i Yrifien ? oinni umi djan d Imazighen war yedji min xf ghad xafsen sghuyyen, maca txiss anegh ad nessn belli amussu ya wanita idja yedja rebda mgal i waydvudv Arifi, amussu ya itwaggen s Imuriskien ttugha yedjan di Fass d Tittawin, Tameggarut ya dja day s Oabdlxaleq Tturris i tugha iswizan Ak Franku umi d as yewca ameggaru ya urag ( autorisation) i wkabar nnes umi qqaren Aodvar Anamur ( laeislah lwatvani ) dva nitati ad tsseqsa Marria Rusa di Madaryaga ” mara imayar n ifacien d ibarcanen, inni inazien hdvqen, tanyart tasbayutt d tahmaymect, pi man tt initen( les couleurs) ghar sen ghar inamuren Imerrukien ?” ⁽³⁾
Marria txes ad tini belli ca Umussu mac ma yegga ttiri d anamur, di tidet ad imezzegh xf uzarug d tirelli n wammur nnes, Maca ina ntaf iten znuzan Tammurt s arrxa i whwes, nec qqaregh din attvasv imentilen yejjin huma amussu ya war iqqar walu xf ubbules n Irifiyen deg igeny Asbanyu, amezwaru netta umi Franku yewc as i wkabar n Tturris urag nnes azerfan, Tanya Arrifubia i ghar sen ghar Imuriskien Ak irifiyen, u neccin nessen mlih turda nsen zg awuri ni yegga Mulay Muhned, d uselmes nnes i Taydvudva Tarrifect, s uya ghar imuriskien maolic mara mmuten Irifiyen di tmurt n Svbanya, maolic mara itwassuyes xafsen arpaj, minzi yina id ghad yassen huma ad nghen irifiyen deg lltva uhwes amarruki i tmurt n arrif deg ussgwas n 1958 d 1959, …

Deg ukud ya ad yass ijjen uraghi zg uneghlaf n tmsrayin n barra mass Muhmed Azarqan ifsar it id zi Fass, iettar zzay s zeg irifiyen huma war ttirin ca ak Franku u deg ussgwas n 1936, yedvwer abbules iqseh s wattas ar aminni war d ibin ra d ijjen zeg inni ibbulsen imezwura ⁽⁴⁾ mamec yedwer s umata iqseh, mayenzi amec twarigh irifiyen ur zemmaren ad ttun deghya deghya amezruy nsen yeccuren s idammen ak Isbunya a beodva zg ukud n imenghan n sidi waryac u ad kken xf Imenghan n sidi Mhned Amzyan d Mulay Muhned, bac ad cacen ak “irumien” deg umenghi ya yedjan ghar barra i tmurt nsen, x manaya ad yass ijjen uwardi zg igeney Asbanyu huma ad ksin zi mkur Taqbict 500 n uryaz, ar ami yiwedv uttun n Irifiyen yedjan deg igeny Asbanyu ghar 65000 n urifi, ak 9000 ubaomrani ( zeg ayt baomran). Maca zeg ijjen ughezdis nneghni yeqqar husseyn Bujddadi deg ijjen umsagar tegg it tamsmunt n tmekttit n Arrif yeqqar belli uttun n yenni icacen deg umenghi ya yiwedv ghar 270,000 mmuten zzay sen 170,000 d 300, u takkwadven ineyzam ghar 43625 u yenni iweddaren ghar 1700 n ijjen ⁽⁵⁾
Amenghi ya yejja attvasv inni immuten nedvren ten di Svbanya arrin xafsen ijjen ucar war yedji nsen, ak yenni inyzmen d yenni inodvben, amec yeqqar beodva ijjen izri d arifi :
Hedd yekkes as ufus, hedd yekkes as udvar Svebanya tireft, tejj anegh d imeodvar
Amenghi ya agarim Asbanyu di cacen irifiyen yejjed abarru ineodvab, attvasv ineyzam, abarru n yenni immuten u nnurien, nedvren tten deg ijen ucar war yedji nsen, xf ict tghawsa war tedji nsen, Imerdvas a ittu ten umezruy minzi swizan ak ijjen udiktatur yegga deg irifiyen mayen war yeggi deg Isbunya s iman tt nsen, maci am imarrak icacen deg umenghi amedlan wis sin, mani Rmxzen d Fransa toeffar zzay sen, qqaren aqqa ussind mgal i tanazit d tafacecct ( nasizme et facisme ), tira umezruy ammu itwaruntt.
Arrifubia nettat yejjin marra ighezdvisa ni ttugha xf uzzay asertan deg wakud ni huma ad ucen fus nsen deg Irifiyen, ar ruxa itwabbelleo ukaram a ( cette dossier) axminni oemmars irifiyen war ten jjin ad bbulsen s bezzez deg igeney Asbanyu, Rebda tamasayt tameqqrant tarebbut Svbanya xf min tegga di Arrif s unegmadv di tmsract n Arpaj d ubbules a, ma rmxzen amarrakec maci ghir mamayenni yegga u ghad yegg, taseddect n tinighi ad tettwassigha, u di min d yussin ad ixdem maca ghir x uhwes wapa, maca ar xf tinighi n tnettit d tussna d tutlayt Tamazight n waydvudv Arifi, s uzegzel attvasv n ikaramen qqimen uyren ar ghad wdven irifiyen s ixf nsen ad xafsen bedden s ufus nsen u dva nitati xsegh ad inigh aqqa neccin irifiyen itxiss anegh ad nxarres
amec ixarres Mmis N Rhaj sellam Amezyan yeggin amussu n tanukra tarrifect, ira itmezzaghen xf tseqqar n waydvudv Arifi, rux irifiyen ixess ad xarrsen di ca n hajett zi ghad mezzghen xf ixf nsen zzat i Rmxzen yedjan ruxa oadv yeddar, u ytegg tisertitin nnes mgal i Arrif, u Tanya huma ad nzzugez tghawsa nnegh i turda tamedlant ( pour exliquer notre cause a l’opinion internationale ), huma ad narr tasghart nnegh di tirelli d usuyur n ixf nnegh s ixf nnegh, deg ict tawnekt tweqqar izerfan n ufgan, d tafidiralect, ghar s asmendaw ( constitution) d adimuqratt, manaya mara txes tawnekt tamarrakect ad niri nmun, u mara Tsigha tasertit n Arrifubia, tagin ad anegh uccen tiseqqar i ntaas, xenni nec traghigh huma ad igeooedv mayen nettettar ghar Uzarug n Tamurt n Arrif zeg uhwes n tawnekt taorabt n Lmughrib. ad ndvwer ghar usentel nnegh u awarni i wcrac n irifiyen deg umenghy a, deg issugsa imezwura n zeg umenghi Amdlan wis sin ad iddar Arrif ijjen tzawa d Tameqqrant ad zzay s itwassen s ussgwas n jjuo, oam n bupeyyuf, assgwas ufadvis, assgwas uqarnuc, assgwas uyarni, umi tugha tetten irifiyen tunga ya , u oawedv amenghi amedlan wis sin war ioeddi ca bra ma ad bbulsen irifiyen di twarat a ak igeney Ufransis jarkatr irifiyen ittugha adu uhwes Afransis, dva xsgh ad inigh Taqbict n igzennayen, itwanghen Attvasv zzay sen deg umenghi n Kassinu d karikyalnu di itvalya, marra mana awya itwagg deg irifiyen deg ukud mani Mulay Muhned ttugha tt di teyzirt n Larinyun mani day s yekka 21 issgusa netta d tawcunt nnes.

Mulay Muhned di Misvra d usenti n igeni usrillett

Tettghima attvasv n tayyut xf wattvasv n Tmesrayin, imsaren tt deg umzruy, jarktar xminni ittiri Larccif yeggwej xf imarezzuten deg yeyyar a, s uya di tghuri ya ntxes ad nawed ghir ghar mayen yemsaren s tidet, maca deg yeyyar a nzemmar ad nssares ict tmukrist, man tt tameqqant ismunan tarezift n Muhmed ben Yussef ghar Tinjis d wami idvra Mulay Muhned di Misra ? awrud i ma ad narr xf useqsi ya, qqaregh belli mri ittusa Tgarwla Tarrifect di awarni i wmneghi amdlan wis sin, ad tiri attas n tmessrayin twabbddren tt, mayenzi deg ukud ni dja tasertit tamedlant dja teggur huma ad tuc azarug i marra timura itwahwsen tt, u ++++Fransa da nita tugha txarres mlih di tghawsa n Mulay Muhned, jarktar awarni umi id banen attas n iwdan din tettaren ad innfuser Mulay Muhned am ujiniral Kattru “catreux” i kids irahen ijjen ujinral nneghni netta d Irik labun, itettar zeg userway n Taydvudva Tafransist huma ad snufsren isekraf xf Mulay Muhned zi teyzirt n Larinyun, xenni tefsar tanbdavt tafrnsist aneghmis unufser n Mulay Muhned di marra ighemmisen imedlanen , s uya ammu id tussa tamsract n usrillett n Mulay Muhned zi teyzirt n Lariniun, maca mayen d anegh itxissa ad nssen belli deg ukud ni n awarni i wmenghi amedlan wis sin tedvwer tameqqant jar Fransa d Rmxzen nigh bac ad nsbuda mlih, tameqqant ak Muhmed ben yussef war tedji ca mlih, zeg ijjen ughezdis neghni ntaff belli tameqqant jar Muhmed ben yussef d Svbanya tedakkwar mlih kur ass,u oawedv Mulay Muhned deg umadval wis sin ira isekked ghar s Pitlir Udulf ghar Tayzirt s ict tgharrabut n waman, itettar zzay s ad kids iswiza di tistratijin n umenghi n Uliman ak timura n “tahaluf”, Mulay Muhned xenni ad yagi, mayenzi inna netta war ixes ca ad yiri d tafart deg ufus nsen, s uya amec twarigh nec Fransa txes ad tsnufser jar ktar umi iettaren ijiniralen n umenghi u Tanya anufser nnes tzemmar ad tirar xf ijjen ughezdis nneghni deg yeyyar a u amec yeqqar Rubir Muntani belli umi txes bbaris ad ttawi Mulay muhned ghar Fransa, idja txs zzay s ad tirar d tafart mgal i Muhmed ben yussef d ukabar n Listiqlal ⁽⁶⁾ jarktar umi dja yxes ad irah ghar Tinjis awarni umi ghars aneghmis belli ad yass Mulay Muhned ghar Fransa u zi senni ghar Arrif, u yeqqar Muhmed Leqjiri belli tarezift n Muhmed ben yussef ghar Tinjis tuss d d ict temrarut n ujedjidv a aolawi xf Fransa umi id as d yiwedv ijjen umeghmis iqqar belli Fransa tarezzu ad tarr zi Mulay Muhned d ajedjidv xf tammurt n Marrakec d Arrif, u di Tinjis ad yini aqqa tanettit tamarrakect nettat d ict tnettit d taorabt deg wass n 10 abril 1947, u Tanya inna netta itbedda ak agraw aorab yegga uhwes Abritvani^,(7)
Oawedv umi iruh Muhmed ben yusef ghar Tin jis imsagar ak Oellal Lfasi d Ttvurris d Muhmed ben obud aselway n useqqim n “lmeghrib loarabi”, bac ad xzaren mamec ghad ggen huma war tejjin Mulay Muhned ad yawedv ghar Fransa, ammu Ttvuris d Ben obud ruhen ghar Madrid huma ad zdyen ak Isvbunya, dva nitati Oellal Lfassi ad idvu ghar Fransa huma ad asen yini Axwanji Ayslamawi belli Fransa d Tamddukect nnegh !! u d Manaya yeqqar Memis n Rhaj Sellam Amezyan :” umi ruh Muhmed Lxamis ghar Tinjis, u awrud ma ad yawedv Mulay Muhnd ghar Lqapira, imsagar Oellal Lfassi ak Muhmed Lxamis imstfaq akids xf wattvasv n tmesrayin, mamec iruh ghar Fransa oawed, xenni yeodva ghar lqapira huma ad isdvar Mulay Muhned di Misra…”⁽⁸⁾
Tanfust yejjin Mulay Muhned huma ad idvar di Misra d tazirart attas iraren tt Igranzien d Isvbunya ak Rmxzen, huma ad ssigwjen Mulay Muhned xf Arrif, u dvanita bac ur tadjghegh attas di tmsract a u huma ad ssnen Imeghrayen nnegh min imsaren tettaregh zzay sen ad duren ghar udlis n Muhmed leqjiri isezwl s “amussu Arifi d Mulay Muhned” itwafsaren di tifulin xf ughemmis n Tawiza, dix, s uzegzel ( en bref ) ad dduregh ghar mayen yenna Memmis n Rhaj sellam Amezyan di tmesract a ( marra iraghan id ssufghen ikabaran a jar 1928 ghar ussgwas n 1948, oemmars ur d idaren isem n Mulay Muhned, xelli deg ussgas n 1928 dja oad din iryazen n Mulay muhned deg idurar, di 1926 ksin tt ghar Lariniun…ikabaren ur it idaren, dja war gharsen qao akid sen ca n tmeqqant, umi it isdvaren ” qqaregh sdvaren tt id , war idvri ca netta s rxadvar” ggin manaw yenni huma war tejjin ad irah ghar Fransa ) ⁽⁹⁾
arni ghar manaya umi saff dja Mulay Muhned aqet xf tmurt n Misra yezvra attvasv n zeyyar zeg ayt bab n umussu anamur ujar zi manawta tugha tettaren s isem n Mulay Muhned.
Awarni umi yeqqim Mulay Muhned di tmurt ifaroawnien, ussind ghar s mahnd ad kid sen yiri di teyrawt n lmeghrib loarabi, id ifghen zg useqqim n lmeghrib loarabi itwaggen deg ussgwas 27 febrayer 1947, mani tugha day s Oabd lxaleq Tturris, zg ukabar n uodvar anamur, d Oellal Lfassi zg ukabar n Listiqlal, akid sen Lehbib Burgiba d yussef Rrusi d Lehbib Tamer zg ukabar n Amndaw atunsi amaynu d ca imsladen zg ukabar n waydud adzayri, Maca min d anegh yecqan rux nettat d iswan itssars tayrawt a, u jarktar sin isadvufen imezwura zzay s u nitni:
_ lmeghrib loarabi xf islam ira yedja, ak islam yeddar, u i Lislam ad iddar tudart nes n imar
_lmeghrib Loarabi war iteffegh zi tmura n tiourba, d uswizi nes ak agraw aorab d amequddi ak marra timua n waoraben
Da nita aseqsi nnegh neccin i nessrua mayemmi Mulay Muhned isinya xf isadvufen a n teyrawt a tacuvinct ?
Mara nkkar nessen belli Mulay Muhned qber i usdvar nes di Missra ira war itidvar qao ca hajet qqaren as tiourba, u netta amec nezra di tifulin ni yeodvan dja itarja s tawnekt (etat) tarrifect tameddant (laic), mac tugha itsemma timura taorabin s timra imsermen, s uya itoin yussd usenyi ya n mulay muhned deg wur n umenghi Afilisvtvini-Aysraeli u arni ghar manaya belli Misra deg Ukud ni dja tedja d ansa mani itrur tiourba (arabisme) x manaya oinni iyejja Mulay Muhned ddeg a ad yeodva.
U Tanya ijjen hajet nneden, ur nzemmar ad nssiwer xf umezzegh n Mulay Muhned xf tseqqar timazighin, s mamec id yewya amussu amazigh axarres a nnegh, id yuymen ixf ines zi rdajagh umezruy d tidet n waddad, maynezi xenni axarres ni dja oadv war d irur, u ntaff tiourba dva nita oawed qqnen tt ak Lislam, s uya s mara war din bu ca uxarres yudjegh iqseh s wattas ad itwabdva jar asen, u deg yeyyar a Tanya, ntaff attas n inagan irifiyen dja ghar sen axxares a aorubi, u zzay sen ra Mmis n Rhaj Sellam Amezyan, i ar ami d ameggar n buhber ines ikkar ad issij xf uxarres Amazigh, … u dvanita oadv ttugha tt deg umsgenfu itsajja xf umettin, Mani axarres Amazigh yiwedv ghar s awarni umi id ghar s arezzfen attas imeghnas imazighen id as iscnen tidet uxarres amazigh, u deg yeyyar a oawedv ntaff ra d Lpacmi ttvud amenoadv ira yeqqar “lmeghrib loarabi” war d as itaff bu ca umxumber, s uya, axarres aorab ghar s asatal nes u imentilen ines, u imri dja ddaren Irifiyen ar ami id gha yekkar Amussu amazigh ad tiri axarres nsen itwabedder. Ad nedwer ghar usentel nnegh, u war teodvi ra d krad n iyuren ( trois mois ) zg wami itwagg useqqim ni n “lmeghrib loarabi” ar mani issenta bettvu xf tebridin ghar twadfaren tt deg yeyyar usrillet, jar tabridvt itwara Mulay Muhned ixess as ad tbedd xf uqartas, d ayt bab n itarbucen izeggwaghen itxsen ad dfaren tabridvt n tsertit ( politique), ammu ad amenghi ya ad immuti ra jar ikabaren ni dja days di teyrawt ak wayawya, min gha yejjen Mulay muhned ad ixarres nican huma ad yejj tayrawt a u deg yeyyar a yeqqar aselway n taydvudva tarrifect manaw ya :” tayrawt a zi saligh twarigh war ghar s bu rfaydett mara teqqim, ira xeddmegh attas huma ad zzay s ggegh ca, maca imenghan din jar ikabaren day ijjin ad qedvoegh rayas zzays” Dix, deg ussan a ad ixarres Mulay Muhned huma ad igg tabridvt nes, u ad yru s ifassen ines ca imehdaren huma ad ten issujed i igeny uslillett u ammu id ghad issenta igeny a, u xafs ghad nessiwer d mammec id yussa agatu n Ikes liban jar Ukabar n Listiqlal, d Rmxzen ak Fransa, d mammec ghad ggen ina ad nghen imerdas n Ugeny usrilett, d imentilen imezewura n usenti n Tgarawla Tarrifect n ussgwas n 1958\1959.

Imsdwar

^{1) Marria rusa madaryiga, aghemmis
n Lmasae Tameghrabect, uttvun 659, Taf, 12, assg 2008

²⁾ Andich idir, aghemmis n Twiza, uttvun 152, taf 3, assg 2009

³⁾ s ixf nne

4) Muhmed zapid, aghemmis n Twiza,
uttun 117

⁵⁾ aghemmis n Umadval amazigh, uttun 71 abril 2006

⁶⁾Muhmmed Amezyan, Muhmed Obdel krim Lxettvabi, Tiktin nnes,
1926-1936, afsar n Ixtilaf, assg 2002, aseb 79

⁷⁾ muhmed Leqjiri, Mulay Muhned d umussu Arifi, Aghemmis n Twiza
^{8) xzar Mustvafa aorab, Arrif jar
Ighrem, igenney usrilett, d ukabar n Listiqlal, asebt 200

9)dvwer ghar Muhmmed sellam amezyan,
di tghimitin n umeggar n buhber, Mesvtafa aorab, asebt 200}}