Arrif di 122 issgusa, Jar Tirelli d uhwes (Tafult tis sa)

Yura t : Andich idir

Igeny n userillett: asenti nnes

Nezvra belli Mulay Muhnd netta zi rebda ttugha itwara abrid n uqartvas, abrid itbeddan xef imjapden d imerdas netta d asufegh n waydud Arifi nigh n marra regnus zeg uhwes d taymbbiryalect ghar tirelli nnes d tfawt n uzarug, mgal i ikabaren isertanen nneghni di Marrakec i ttugha ghar yedja ijj n rexzrat nnidven nettat advfar nnes i ubrid n tsertit, maca di ttidet imeggura ya ttugha ten di ixwwanen n waydud nnsen, u ffghen xef imar n Arrif amec day s ggin abarru n tinighitin deg igeni usrillett d imeghnas n ttidvet, amec i ghar nzar di min it id asen.

Imazighen nitni di ticcemt nsen ttugha dveffaren abrid n Mulay muhned, ameggaru idja ixeddem zeg wami it id ssdvaren ghar Misvra xef usenfar n igeny usrillett, u netta it yejjin mahend ad imbdva xef umi ittraghan, “ agraw n usrillet n lmeghrib loarabi”, mahned ad issujed ca n imehdvaren nnes issek iten ghar loiraq d timura nneghni mahned ad sswjdven ixf nnsen u ad ggen ddsas n igeni n usrillett, deg yeyyar a ntaff Oaziz ssatvuri deg ijj n udlis nneghni yarezzu ad yini ict tidet nneghni deg wur nnes d ijj n uxarriq d amezzyan zeg ixarriqen imeqqranen itwafttren x tidet n usenti n igeni usrillet nigh xef igeni usrillet amen ikmer u s umata qao xef umezruy n Marrakec d Arrif u di Tmsract a iqqar : “ aqqa tawengimt n igeni usrillett d iswan i nessars, tuss d di twarat tamezwarut deg wanfa ( ddarbida ) s teghtast n temrawayt n umussu n tnezbayt, awarni zzeyyar i yegga ahwes Afransis xef anfa”

Zeg ijj n ughezdis nneghni din attvasv n imazighen nneghni, idja ghar sen tawengimt a n igeni amecnaw Oebdellap ssvenpaji, d Oebbas Lemsaodi, iggin ijj n umsvawadv aked ijj n umazigh nneghni zeg watvlasv ameqqran netta d ijj n ttraghan as “buyfadden’’, Ina mmutyen ghar walmmas n Nadur, aked irifeyyen i ttugha di Misvra am Heddu Aqeccic, Lpacmi Ttvud … alemmas a d amcan n tidet mani irur igeni usrillet, u zzay s i ttugha ssentan tt tisekkirin n igeni ya ghar idurar n igzennayen, xef ubrid n teqbict n Ayt tuzin, mani dja idja imuttuyen n imjapden d imeqqranen attvasv jar Azraf d Tara n mghact, u deg yeyyar a attvasv idellisen tidvaren belli aqqa dvin ilemmasn nneghni bra inni id inidvar nnecin, beodva ijj n aqet di Tittvawin u alemmas a ttugha day s “ Lhussin Berrvada, Oebdel krim Lxatvib, Mulay lghali Loiraqi, Hassan Svafey ddin, Esoid Bunoilat” iwdvan a i ttugha d imesradven ( des members ) deg ukabar n Listiqlal, u iswi n tidet zi min umi ggin alemmas a ad ten nzugez di min it id asen, iwdvan a ttugha ittragh asen Mulay Muhned d Muhmed sellam amezvyan s jayec ttexrib, akabar n Listiqlal ad yegg ca n tsedvmiwin mani gha nghen tt abarru n imeghnas d iwdvan i ttugha ghar yedja ca n tmeqqant ak Mulay Muhend zeg ismawen n tsvedvmiwin a ntaff “ izem usrillet’’, “ tfust tabarcant”, “ tfust tazeggwaght”, “ ayur abarcan”, ina ur nzemmar neccin ad xaf sen nragha isem n tnezbayt nigh inezbayen minzi war dji ttwaggen huma ad mmenghen aked uhwes afransis, maca ttugha tettwag hma ad nghen imerdvas n igeni usrillet d imjapden, deg yeyyar a iqqar Muhemmd sellam Amezvyan “ igeni usrillet n tidet iksi tazwict deg udvem ifransisen… Oellal Lfasi war iwidv huma ad tt isbedd nigh ad tt inegh, zeg ughezdis nneghni itwagg jjayec ttexrib hma ad ibbed deg udem n igeni usrillett n tidvet, yudvad jayc ttexrib ghar unedvra maci hma ad mmenghen aked ifransisen anict itwagg hma ad inegh imesrad n igeni usrillett, iserwayen n jjayc ttexrib niteni idja djan d imgharen n temndvawin am wemghar n temnadvt n Lhuseyma Mensvur, ttugha ten nitni d xemssa Ayt sen, dvfaren tibridvin n tinighitin …”²

S uya Akabar n Listiqlal yuss d di tidvt huma ad iswiza aked uhwwes Afransis, s uya innigh deg umezwaru belli ayt bab itvarbucen iweggwaghen nitni idja djan d ixwwanen wapa, maca bac ad negzu mlih, ixess ad nssares ict tmukrist, neccin nessen belli Istiqlaleyyen ttugha ten mgal i webrid n uqartvasv, mammec iggin ar ami beddren abrid nsen jar djirett d tuffut ?

Di tidet ttugha dinni ujar zeg ijj n umentil mahned nitni ad dduren ghar sen aqartvasv deg ufus nnsen, ujar umi id arrin aneghmis belli Mulay Muhned yeggur ghar zzat mahned ad yegg igeni usrillett, mani netta yegga attvasv ijemmuoen aked imasvreyyen, imeggura ya ghar umeggar uccin as awar i Mulay Muhned hma ad kids swizan s ict n twetilt bac ad yiri imuttuyen n igeni n usrillet s adu tittvawin n imasvreyyen, Mulay muhned ttugha war ghar s bu ca n ufugh nneghni bra ma ad kidvsen irah, maca amec nnigh wami id arrin aneghmis ayt bab itvarbucen izeggwaghen svaren dvwin ghar Misvra hma ad ggen ra d nitni ijemmuoen aked Imasvreyyen, minzi war xsen ca ad yiri igeni usrillett deg umcan nsen, u ajemmuo ameqran i ggin, ggin tt di 11 yennayer 1955, di taddart n Fathi ddib, u ffghen zzay s hma ad sekken imasvreyyen ijj n ugharrabu qqaren as “ Dina” ghar Qabuyawa ‘ cap agua’

“di rweqt d ict ad isar idvwa ustiqlali Oabdel kbir Lfassi ( ijj n zeg inni iggin ijemmuoen aked imisvreyyen ) ghar Madrid, deg ijj n waddad day s attvasv n tayyut, tayyut ni tehdvaja abarru n tarezzutin hima ad tekkes xeg umuddu ya, jar ktar oabdel kbir tugha iqebber it Franku”³ arni ghar manawya amuddu ya yarwes deg wattvasv imudduten i ttugha teggen istiqlaleyyen ghar Madrid am umuddu n Ttvurris d Ben obud di rweqt n twassit n Mulay Muhned ghar Fransva umi it ssdvaren di Misvra, d umuddu n Oellal Lfassi ghar Fransa, itsemma manawya iqqen ghar wayaweya s wattvasv, u nzemmar ad njbedv firu zzay s, neccin nettwara firu nni Oabdel kbir iruh ghar Madrid hima ad Franku ad yejj agharrabu n Dina ad immares di Rmas n Qabu yawa idja yedjan adu uhwes usbanyu, amsagar a n Lfassi d Franku war izemmar ad yeodva amenni wapa, mghar dinni ca iguta twaggen jar asen war d anegh d iwwidven ca.

S umata yiwwedv d agharrabu n Dina ghar Qabuyawa, xenni yemmsizzer ukabar n Listiqlal ghar qabu yawa iwejdv as dinni iharr xef ticcemt n resnah, yejja druss zzay s i igeni usrillett, ra zeg ughezdis n ddzayar yemsar as amenni umi iharr akabar n taynart usrillet anamur xef tesghart temeqqrant, u amya dvwren ikabaren a ghar sen resnah.

Ruxa nessen maghar Mulay Muhned d Muhemmed sellam Amezvyan idja ttraghan asen s jjayc ttexrib.

Akasan ( haine) n ayt bab itvarbucen izeggwaghen ad immarni ruxa i marra wi ghar yedja ca n tmeqqant aked Mulay Muhned, ameggaru ya issekk ghar sen ijj n ureqqas netta war yedji ghar d Lpacmi ttvud i ghar ioawdven manawya deg ijj n umsagar : “ qqimegh ttbeptegh umi ggigh ijj n ujemmuo aked imgharen n ukabar n Listiqlal deg uraq n ughemmis n Loalam, hma zeoma ad tagh ad tiri ca n twiza zzay sen d talujistikect di min iteqqnen ghar macca d tzeddight n ca imserdven n igeni n usrillett, qeroen xafi senni waxxa ssnen aqqa nec d areqqas n Mulay Muhned”⁴

Ammu wedven ad ssnen imerdvas Irifeyyen n igeni n usrillett belli ifaseyyen d Imuriskeyyen nitni d tidvet xeddmen Fransa ujar zi min xeddmen tammurt nnsen, xenni xarrvsven ad sentan tisekkirin nsen wahdsen s tzedayt aked igeni usrillet adzayri, u uffin belli ixess asen ad sbedden ixf nsen s ixf nsen, u ad aggwjen xef ukabar n Listiqlal, ammu ad twassentan tt tisekkirin timezwura n igeni ya di teqbict n Igzennayen.

Tqiccet n rxedmet n igenni n usrillett

zeg wami ira yedja Mulay Muhend u netta ttugha ghar s fus di min itemsaren di Tafrikt n izzermedv ( norde afrique ), ixes ad yini manaya belli netta ghar s fus deg usnekkar n tmessi n tnezbayt ikkaren di Tamezgha, manaya war yedji neqqar it neccin wapa, maca iqqar it ijj n iggur ad yiri d aserway n tayduda Tadzayerct deg issgusa id ghad yassen, netta d Hmed ben bella “ rweqt n usenti n tagrawla Tadzayrect ( d trifect ) ussin tt id s usmetter n umeraway n tagrawla Tarifect Muhemmd ben obdel krim Lxettvabi i imrawayen n imussuten n usrillett n tafrikt n izzermdv mahend ad smunen zi tanzbayt nsen i wehwes afransis deg ijj n wakud, hima Fransa ad tssuyes tidwas ( les forces ) nnes jar rirwet n Tamezgha” ⁵

ammu id yussa asenti n tmessi n tnezbayt di Tamezgha, d uzday i dinni ttugha jar Irifeyyen d Iqbayleyyen deg imezwura n Ktuber 1955, di Arrif ad tekkar di teqbict n Igzennayen itwassnen s “la triangle de la mort” jar Aknur / Tizi n wesri / Burd, id yussin amec nenna ak Tagrawla n Reqbayer di 2 Ktuber.

Ruxa ad nessiwer cway xef min iwedv ad yegg igeni isrillett di Arrif, mani igga Attvasv n tmedvugin (les attaques) xef ilemmasen ( les centres) n Tirawt ( existence) n uhwes Afransis zzay sen :

-alemmas n Burd

-alemmas n Tizi n wesri

-alemmas n Aknur

-alemmas n Mezgittan

-alemmas n Tafghalt

Awarni i yemnghan a msaren inneghni ad nidvar zzay sen amenghi n Wejdvir deg wass n trata 04 uktuber, mani imerdvas n igni n usrillet harren day s xef mraw n tebbyisin n resnah imsbdvan, mammec nyzmen trata n imerdvas n Irifeyyen, oawed imsar ijj n umenghi deg ijj n umcan qqaren as “btara oacbun”s wadday i tamrawayt n Rhaj bujben⁷

Oawedv imsar ijj n umenghni nneghni deg ijj n uraq qqaren as “bin svfuf” amenghi ya itwahsab zeg imenghan imeqqranen i yegga igeni usrillet deg wass n 28 yennayer 1956, mani amraway nnes ijj n umerdvas qqaren as Oellal Tghilasti “nghin imjapden days 300 n iserdvasen u yezmen 600 n iserdvasen ifransisen, u yiwedv uttvun jar ineyzam d inni immuten ghar 900 n ijj n, zeg ughezdis n imjapden irifeyyen mmuten ca n 13 ayt sen” ⁸, mani ntaff msaren imenghan nneghni am umenghi n ddpar ujenna, Tawrirt n tfayla, ssuq n jjemoa, tighedwin … ⁹

Ikes liban (Aix les Bains) d taggara n igni n usrillet

Zzat i tarenniwin i ghar yiwedv igeni n usrillet, isvar uhwes afransis ibedd yarezzu xef ca n ufugh zi tmukrist a tameqqrant di yedja, ammu ixes ad ismeh di ict tmurt zi tmura n Tamezgha mahned ad yerpa aked tenneghni, war yufi mana hsen zi Marrakec bac ad day s ismeh minzi Dzayar ttugha itarra tt nnes, u ittragh as Tamnadvt tafransist ( province francais) u oawed dinni imentilen nneghni ijjin Fransa ad tsmeh di Marrakec

-amec nenna ttugha Fransa tarra Dzayar d ict temnadvt nnes

-tejja di Marrakec ayt bab n Itvarbucen iweggwaghen gha yehdvan tirawt tademsant ( existence economique) n Fransa di Marrakec minzi aqqa tastratiject n tambiryalect nettat ghar umeggaru tbedda xef tmsrayin iqqnen ghar tademsa, amenni itxerrvesv Fransa, mani tufa nettat waxxa war tedji d Marrakec s ict tebridt d tusridt ( direct) maca aqqa tademsa nnes dinni wi it hettvan, u zeg ijj n ughezdis nneghni ad awdven ad qeroen xef tirawt tasbanyutt di Arrif, ad afen abrid hima ad adfen Arrif, s uya ufugh n Fransa deg wakud nni ttugha tt marra d tirennawin i nettat.

S uya di tidvet Ikes liban ttugha tt d ict tmezgunt iraren tt imuriskeyyen d ifasseyyen i ttugha deg ukabar n Listiqlal, s uya nec twarigh ikes liban tuss d huma ad xarrvsven ifransisen d ixwwanen di mammec ghad ggen ad qessen fus i igeni n usrillett i idja idjan d ijj n umizi ( danger ) xaf sen s sin aytsen.

Svurif itegga Fransa d amezzwaru nettat tarzem ijj n umsawar jar asd d Muhemmed Lxamis xef imentilen n tadura nnes, deg yeyyar s xsegh ad inigh maci imentilen n Muhemmed lxamis anict imentilen itssares Fransa xef Muhemmed Lxamis, s uya Fransa tiwedv ad tegg tanbadvt ( gouvernement ) tamezwarut ira xef uzedjif nnes ijj n idja yedja d lkabbtin deg userdvas Afransis qqaren as M’bark lbekkay lepbil, s uya amec fghen di Ikes liban, tugha din rexdvmett xef mammec ghad ggen ad qdvan xef igeni usrillet, u deg yeyyar a iqqar Lfqip Lbesvri deg ijj n umsawal akids aked aghemmis n Ssvahifa uttvun 104/14 Mars 2003 : “ itwagg ijj n ugatu jar ighrem ( Muhemmed Lxamis) d ikabaren isertanen Imarrakceyyen ibedd xef azeyyar n tnezbayt n igeni n usrillet d uqessi n ubrid xef Muhmmed ben obdel krim lxettvabi”

Maca deg umezwaru qber ma ad ssentan tinighitin nsen, sxen ad ggen ijj n usvrid nneghni d amezwaru netta ad jbdven istiqlaleyyen imerdvas n igeni n usrillet ghar sen mahend ad sbedden igeni ya wanitati, s uya id tuss twassit n Lmepdi ben berka ghar Arrif, ghar teqbict n Igzennayen deg yeyyar a yeqqar Xalil lemsaodi mmis n Oebbas lmsaodi deg ijj n umsawar nnes oawedv aked aghemmis n ssvabah tameghrabect uttvun 1491/ 20 yennayer 2005, iqqar day s : “issenta Ben berka isvtextvib deg iwdvan s Tutlayt Taorabt u zi min inna aqqa kenniw deg Ukabar n Listiqlal ( innat i yiwdvan i ihdvaren ) umi itesra ddeg a n wawar oebbas ikkar ghar s ikes as Lmikrufun jar ifassen nnes …”

S uya wa nita d amentil n tidvet yejjin Lmepdi ben Berka ad inegh Oebbas Lmsaodi, umi war iwidv walu deg usvurif amezwaru n ujbadv n imerdvas irifeyyen ghar ukabar n Listiqlal.

Dix ( donc ) bra ma ad nessiwer xef tebridvt i di iruh agatu n Ikes liban, ura min day s imsaren nican anict i ghar nessiwer xef min imsaren i wegatu ya.

Maca taycit i ghar sen ttugha ghar Irifeyyen deg wakud belli nitn war weyyen walu zeg ugatu, waxxa d nitni iwtin aqartvas deg idurar n Arrif, ujar uffin azarug nni d aneqsvi mani oad teyzirin n iceffaren d Nkur d Badis d Mritc d Sebta aqqa ayen tt deg ufus n Svbanya.

Oawedv rmxzen amarrakec ad yawedv ad ibelleo ibudva nnes aked Dzayar, min ixes ad yini aqqa remxzen amarrakec iqdveo areqquz n weghrum x wattvasv n Irifeyyen d wattvasv n tawcunin Tirifeyyin ( iggur ad nedvwer ghar Tmsract n uzwag n Irifeyyen ghar Dzayar di tlemmizvin nnidven ) deg yeyyar a yeqqar David seddon manaya : “ azarug ( independence ) ixes ad yini zi min ixes ad yini, abelleo n ibudva aked ddzayar d usbeddi n uzwag n ixeddamen, awarni i wufugh n Isvbunya, u awarni i sin issgusa n tzawa, ttugha Taharyadvt tedja di Arrif anammas d usammar mani tademsa nnsen teqqen ghar uzwag ghar Dzayar” ¹⁰

Bra ma ad nettu min tegga tanbadvt taorabt tamezwarut deg umezruy n Marrakec d arrif n uzeyyar xef marra timnadv timazighin tareddej marra tisentutin tidelsanin, tidemsanin, tisertanin, … n Imazighen, ammu yeqqar Octave marias : “ ira amadval amazigh imsbdva awarni i wezarug ujar zi bettvu nes deg ussegwas n 1912”¹¹

Akabar n Listiqlal ra d netta igga tasghart nnes zi qao tisertitin a mahend ghad yirin wahdes deg wazzay asertan n Lmerruk, u ad yegg Timilicyatin nnes zi resnah n ugharrabu n Dina, mamec ghad isgeooed awar nnes war itwassnen “ Lmerruk nnegh ( ifaseyyen) war dji n hedd nneghni ( Imazighen)” s uya awarni i wezarug ttugha marra inni iqqaren uhu i wekabar n Listiqlal, syuran deg imedvran war twassnen awarni umi kkin xef rehbusat ( am waddad n mmis n Tmasint Heddu Aqecic idja yedjan zeg imehdvaren n Mulay Muhned u netta idja yedjan zeg imerawayen n igni n usrillet di Arrif, mani oad rux war nessin mani indver ) marra manawya idja itekked x ufus n ukabar n Listiqlal, u xef ufus n ijj n ustiqlali nneghni qqaren as Muhemmed Leghzawi i tugha yedjan d anempal amatu ( directeur general ) n taghedjist ( securite) zi 1950 ar 1960 u di twarat d ict ttugha tt d aserway n timilcyatin n ukabar n Listiqlal yeffghen xef isvudvaf d izerfan, deg yeyyar a yeqqar Hmed lbuxari deg iktayen nnes : “…jar 1956 d 1960 wedven iddaden ikafalen ( akafal, kidnaping) ca n 2000 n waddad, d imsnuffaren n ughir ghar ca n 1000 n ijj n alahsab larcif n ugzum ( secteur ) n uzemmem n uneghlaf n barra tafransist di lmerruk, ttugha Leghzawi iccat inecraf nnes s rmcoedv di tebhirt nnes nigh advaxer i yighrem nnes id yussin di Arbatv nigh di Fas”¹² yarenni lbuxari yeqqar xef timegga n Muhmmed Leghzawi : “ ixdvem bac a iszyenfa marra inezbayen izaykuten, oawedv inegha igrawleyyen nni zzay sen yugin ad ssarsen resnah nsen nigh ad qebren s ca n rxdvmett deg uneghlaf n ugensu … umi ittugha d aserway n timilicyatin n ukabar n Listiqlal ixdvem bac ad inegh marra imeghnas n ukabas n Ccura d Listiqlal… s umata wedven ad ggen attvasv n tinighitin tisertanin d ikafalen d tukkardva d tuccefra, …”¹³

U bra ma ad nidvar mammec gin tugha neqqen iwdvan u mamec id asen teggen di rehbusat, u inni ixsen ad ssnen ujar di tmesrayin a tettaregh zzay ad ddwren ghar udlis n Lmepdi Lmumni ttijkani d iktayen n Hmed Lbuxari…

S umat a ( en general ) taggara n igni n usrillett idja tedja d taoeffant attvasv, aked twiza ismunen ighrem d timlicyatin n ukabar n Listiqlal, i gha ikemmren Twiza nsen ar 1960, mani itsemma min gha imsaren deg ussegwass iqebbaren ad yiri d asighi i tinighitin itwaggen tt, u xef useggwass iqebbaren ad nessiwer mlih di tafult it id asen, u ad irin imentilen nneghni id ghad nidar d akemmer xef imentilen a id nidvar rux, ad nawedv ad nessen mammec Rmxzen amarrakec oemmar s ma ibedd aked Arrif, u oemmar s ad kides ibedd ar gha bedden Irifeyyen xef idvaren nsen.

Imesdvwar

4: أشغال ندوة محمد بن عبد الكريم الخطابي و قضايا المغرب اليوم، يوم 5 فبراير 2005، بمبادرة من

المجموعة المغاربية للبحث في تاريخ محمد بن عبد الكريم الخطابي