Arrif di 122 n issgusa : jar tirelli d uhwes

Yura t : Andich idir

Itass d umegrad a mahned ad nssij xf tidet n tmeqqant i tugha jar Arrif ak timura nneghni, ra ak Marrakec nigh ra ak Sbanya d dzayar…

Arrif amec yeqqar Jerman Oeyyac dg udlis nes «izuran n imenghan n arrif», ameggaru ya ira yedja Lebda zi tmura itwahsaben xf ssiba, ak ughezdis nneghni din timura n Rmexzen, Timura n ssiba i di yedja Arrif ak tiqebbar n Atlas Timazighin fghent xf tanbdadvt tanammast n rmexzen Amarrakeci, minzi amec qqaren attvasv n imarzzuten deg yeyyar n tmessna n umezruy belli irifien tefghen xf mkuy tanbadvt war tfrinen s ufus nsen, s uya ntaff taymbratvurect taoutmanect taturkect tbedd ghar ibuda n yeghzar n merwct war tarni ca ghar zzat minzi iturkien tugha ssnen min i ten itrajan zzat nsen.

Taqbitct tarrifect zi rebda tugha tessggûr ixf nnes s ixf nnes, da nzemmar ad nini belli Arrif zi rebda tugha ghar s azarug nes d tirelli nnes, u azarug a itadef ra ghar daxer qao. Mukr taqbict tugha war tidef di tmesrayyin n tqebict nneden, s uya taqbict dja ghar s azarug nes ademsan d usertan u tettwassen s ca n tantala nnes, ra d timgharin n mkur taqbict kessint deg udem nsent ict tigezzt tsfarrez itent xf temgharin n tqebbar nneghni, amec imezdagh n Arrif am imazighen marra tugha sguren ten di tmqanin nsen ak wayawya attvas n izerfan ghar yedja azvwar ak islam n tudart nsen.

idurar n arrif ussin d deg yzzermedv n tmurt n Marrakec xf ughezdis nes din Dzayar, anaw n ugama nnes day s attvas n idurar amec iyedja xf tma n yill acemrar anammas tamurt nes tuss d am tesrit n wenzvar zeg yeghzar n Tmerwct ar tandint n Tinjis, ijyulujien tghiren belli taseddect n idurar n Siranibada deg yeffus n Ibireya d tmurt n Arrif tugha msersaqen qber ma ad msbdvan, tqiccet yuoran di arrif nettat d Tidghin u ruora nes itakkawdv ghar 2.465 M, snnej i tzeqqa n yill.

Taseddect idurar n Arrif temsbdva xf ten n Atvlas, day s attvas n izughar d taganin n tseklutin n taydva d reoeroar d ubedjudv, maca ahwes asbbaynu isquccar itt di tferkewt n uhwes nes xf arrif ak tarwsa n umecraz arrifi d ucmadv n tmessi…(1)

Arrif zi rebda tugha day s imezdagh teddaren day s, u ggin tasebbabt ak wattvas n midden zg uzir umezruy ak ifiniqiyen, ggin tineddam am Rusadir (Mritc ruxa) d tittvawin, awarnas Tinjis di rqan wiss smus qber i tlalit n mass Oisa.

Awarn as dwren ayyawen i ifinqiyen iqertvajyen nitni i yedjan zeg iydvudven ijepden maca awarni imenghan ibunikiyen jar ikertvajiyen d irumaniyen, d ufugh n Ruma teghreb zg umenghi nni yedwer arrif zi Mawritvanya tatvanjit, zi senni yemsar umenghni tanya jar irifien ak iwandaliyn u oawed ak ibizantviyen d waoraben…

Dg ussgwas n 710 n tlalit, ysselmes Sareh mis n Mensur tageldant n Nkur tarrifect, umi udfen irifiyen di ijjed n Muhemmed.

di 1490 ttfen isbunya mritch u hwsen tt u teqqim ghar sen ar djexxu. di 1859 msaren imenghan n irifiyen ak isbbunya nigh amec itwassen imenghan n tittvawin, manaya s tagdelt amezruy unsvib i nzemmar ad naff dg idlisen n awank amarrakeci.

Maca deg umezruy yiriwen n Arrif din attvas n tmsesrayin war tettwassnent ca attvas amecnaw tageldit n temsamant… s minzi imazighen s umata war urin ca amezruy nsen s ufus nsen, maca urin xaf sen yennghni s minzi attvas n tidet truh, s uya ntaff attvas n inemzruyen sweddaren tidet u arnin d abarru ixarriqen xf Arrif nigh xf imazighen mahned ad awdven ghar ugmudv n min inna unemzruy agranzi Pubel.

Deg umegrd a ad nekk xf tfrekiwin i yekka arrif xf 122 issgusa zeg ussgwas 1889 ar 2011, zg umenghni n ibeqquyen ak Bucetta lbeghdadi ar umussu n 20 febrayer d raxart n smuds n irifiyen di iyuren yeodan.

Ad nbedd ghar kuy tferkwt ad as nwc min tzdvahedj, u deg imegrad nneghni oad ad nedwer ghar awank Arrifi nigh tamurt n temsamant bac ad nekkes tayyut d tadjest xf umezruy nnegh n Arrif .

Di rqan wis 19, tameqqant i yarrwen rmexzen d arrif ira teccur s imenghan d ukasan (Haines), u deg yeyyar a yeqqar ughemmis Afransis (l’observateur de moyen orient) deg uttvun n wass 21 Desamber 1958 «aqqa irifien zi rqan 17, nitni day sen taghennant, war qebbren ad xaf sen tiri ca n tenbadvt ghar tenni ifarnen s ifassen nsen, s minzi arrif rebda ira yedja ghar s azarug nes, s uya isseoda ict n tsekna tzzugart n imenghan ak rmexzen»

Amec yenna tanya anmzury d umarezzu Afransis August MOUIERRS deg udlis nes “amarrakec ur itwassnen” xf irifiyen manaya: “azvwar nsen zeg izvuran iqshen deg umadval, ijjen n uzvwar oemmars ma tugha t adu iwnfur, u itoin azvwar i yedjan wahdes deg umadval, i war xafs yeqqar umezruy ca n roib, igherf a amezyan, tugha ghar s azarug nes di marra tiwula, s uya arifi itxes ammur nnes ar weobadv»

Irifiyen itxsen tirelli d rmexzen iyxsen ad ihwes yejja rebda ad inni irifiyen jar asen d imenghan ujar zi tawala n uzedjid aoalawi smaoil, amec rebda rmexzen amec nnigh di temssizwarut itarra arrif ghar timura n ssiba u yerenni itragha asen s darija «msaxetv sidna», awar a i tugha ig itesra attvas dduktur arifi muhmed lbettviwi wami ira yedja d anecruf di ujda deg ussgwas n 1984.

Xmi i ghad yxecc assgwas n 1810 ad ysqad sriman asvultvan aoalawi ijjen lherka ghar serwan, ad day s isscmedv tudrin d redcur, u ad yacar ihnjaren bac ad ten isqeddec deg umsbudder ak ddaribat i ghad wcen irifiyen mahned ad arren tarwa nsen, tabridt taoeffant isqddec rmexzen d icwadv nes nettat s imant nes i ghad yegg xf ayt warigher d tqebbar id as inndven deg ussgwas ni beodva, minzi irifiyen xenni ugin ad wcen ddarviba i rmexzen hit dg ukud ni ira tzawa d razagh. di 1812 ad yeoqeb rmexzen ghar tnamit nnes tazaykut u ad yareddej redcur amen kmren deg ifarxanen, ayt cicar, serwan (2)

Jar 1813 d 1850 imbilryaliyen igrinziyen, ifransisen, isbunya … ad adfen rmexzen s ca n tira ufus, u da nita yedwer rmexzen ad itmezzagh xf taydji imhwsen xf iftasen n arrif (les plages de Rif) d teyzirin nnes u xminni txsen irifiyen ad wsqen asbanyu zi mritc d min ghar s yunudven, manawya itejja imbiryaliyen s twiza ak rmexzen ad teggen lherkat mgal irifiyen d igherf arifi amazigh, am tenni n ugharrbu agranzi «djanus» assgwas n 1851 xf iftasen n arrif d lherka n rqayed xf teqbict n ayt yeznasen ccix mimun xf takunfidiralect n iqeroien deg usgwass n 1852, ccix mimun yareni igga igharrbu ad hdvan mritc d igharruba nneghni it id asen zi tafriqt tabarcant ghar sen .

Rmexzen ira itraja mermi ma pwan d irifiyen x isbunya bac ad arren tamurt nsen d tasghart nsen id asen hwsen, ntaff itas d ak madrid mgal i wjdir, deg yeyyar a tugha din ictn n iherka beodva yegg it ccix mimun deg ussgwas n umenghni n tittvawin (1859) di tawala n unbadv n oedbarhman ben picam xf ayt cicar, deg ussgwass ni ad ttun amezruy nsen abarcan akid s carcen deg uraq n tittvawin deg had teddez Madrid azedjif i fas, maca deg wansa ma ad isnimmer rmexzen irifiyen xf twiza nsen akid s, ntaff ineqqreb d akids deg ussgwas n 1864, ad idveg (attaquer) xf lhusima, advag a ad idfar ijjen nneghni di 1871 di tawala n muhmed ben obed rrehman u ad yesslmes lhassan amezwaru attvas n ddiwanat, rebda bac ad yehdva irumiyen zi lbarud n ayt irifien.

Di 1889 ad yoqeb rmexzen mgal irifiyen umi ugin ad sbedden imenghiten nnsen ak sbanya, awarn as s kuzv n issgusa ad tekkar deg iqeroiyen adu thngart n Mimun n rmuxtar d oali arrubiyu umi ibnan isbunya ijjen lqecla tsajja xf umrabedv n sidi waryac, deg yeyyar a qqaren inmzruyen isbunya belli sidi waryac tughat d tazrut i xf arrzent turjatin nsen.

Rmexzen huma ad issigh fus n twiza irifiyen yuss d am rebda ak ughezdis n irumiyen, xelli imeggura ya id ibdvan amenghi ya, xf tigawt n sidi waryac teqqar tazrawct tarrifect izran a:

Umi id iffegh urumi / ibuo am rounsar

Ixarredv am roenzi / iseyyeh xf reoaroar (3)

Ar danita ad tsala tanfust n irifiyen ak sidi waryac umi irah umas n lhassan amezwaru ghar Matiyas amghar n mritc ad as issiwedv tabrat n uwadem n lhassan.

Xmi ineddakwar ghar usatal umezruy ad naff belli oabdel oziz netta yedjan d amasay amezwaru xf tinighi n ayt ibeqquyen, deg yeyyar ad nedwer ghar imentilen n tidet i yejjin obdel oziz ad isqad bucetta lbeghdadi hima ad isfedv ayt ubeqquy zi tmurt, umi ira ibeqquyen ttfen tasebbabt n yill u tugha teggen imenghan ak igharruba n fransa d sbanya icten zzay sent, carfen ibeqquyen incraf d irumiyen amec aghezdis nneghni ra d netta icref irifiyen, da ggin imsagaren huma ad arxun incraf zi sin ighezdisa, irifiyen tugha aqqa ayen di tkurmut n uzvru n nkur d tinjis, u d wa d tawetilt (condition) issarsen ibeqquyen, awarni i woebbez n fransa xf rmexzen isrillett irifiyen zi tinjis, wami tugha yugi ghar umezwaru, di 10 nwanbir 1897 (4) s uya mahned ad yarr aoeffar oabdel oziz i rmexzen yegga tinighni ya i ghar d nedwer di tafult it id asen.

Tinighi n bucetta d oabdel oaziz i ayt ibeqqueyn

Tizmilin

1-inskulbideya n wikibedya

2-muhmed lqjiri, mly muhned d umussu arrifi, utun n sep-2007

3-teskla tamazight jar tatlayt d tira d umxumber n ussughel, loumari, tafr : 67

4- leqjiri muhmed, mly muhned d umussu arrifi, uttun n sep – 2007